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  • 1st-NPHRDC 2025 Final Report.

    1st-NPHRDC 2025 Final Report.

    NPHRDC 2025 Conference Report | PHIM
    Official Conference Report

    1st National Public Health Research Dissemination Conference – Report

    NPHRDC 2025

    “Strengthening Institutional Collaboration to Sustain Health Research amid Funding Constraints.”

    President Hotel, Lilongwe Report Released: Feb 2026
    Executive Summary

    Bridging Science and Policy

    The Public Health Institute of Malawi (PHIM), in collaboration with its partners, successfully hosted the inaugural National Public Health Research Dissemination Conference (NPHRDC) which took place from Wednesday, October 2nd to Friday, October 4th, 2025 at in Lilongwe, Malawi . This landmark event was established as a high-level forum to address the disconnect between scientific discovery and policy implementation within Malawi’s health sector.

    Throughout the proceedings, delegates explored how Malawi can move toward research self-reliance. The summary report details a strategic shift toward institutional synergy, ensuring that research is not just an academic exercise but a tool for national development aligned with the Malawi 2063 vision.

    Strategic Intent

    Core Conference Objectives

    Evidence-Based Policy Dissemination

    The primary objective was to create a centralized repository of high-quality research findings to inform the Ministry of Health’s strategic decisions. By bringing together over 200 delegates, the conference ensured that critical data regarding disease trends and health system gaps was communicated directly to policy-makers.

    This dissemination focus is designed to reduce the “know-do” gap, ensuring that health interventions across the country are grounded in local evidence rather than generalized global assumptions.

    Institutional Collaboration & Synergy

    In an era of dwindling global health funding, the conference sought to foster multi-sectoral partnerships. This involves breaking down the silos between academic institutions like KUHES, government bodies like PHIM, and international NGOs.

    The objective was to map out shared resources technical, financial, and infrastructural to create a more resilient research ecosystem that can survive external funding shocks through internal efficiency and local ownership.

    Evaluating NHRA II Progress

    A critical technical objective was to audit the progress of the National Health Research Agenda (NHRA) II. The conference served as a peer-review platform to determine which research priorities are being met and which areas such as mental health or environmental health require redirected focus in the coming fiscal years.

    Scientific Scope

    Detailed Thematic Areas

    Communicable & Non-Communicable Diseases

    This theme addressed Malawi’s “double burden.” While infectious diseases like Malaria and HIV remain priorities, there is a rising prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and cancers.

    The sessions focused on integrated care models where screening for NCDs is built into existing infectious disease clinics, maximizing limited primary healthcare resources.

    Health Systems & Governance

    Research under this pillar examined the “pillars” of the health system: financing, leadership, and human resources.

    The discussions highlighted the importance of decentralization, asking how local district health offices can lead research that solves community-specific bottlenecks in service delivery.

    Innovation, Technology & Infrastructure

    A major focus was placed on digital health (mHealth) and the modernization of health infrastructure.

    Specific attention was given to the sustainability of medical oxygen systems and the implementation of electronic medical records to improve longitudinal patient tracking and data-driven decision making.

    Social Determinants of Health

    This cross-cutting theme explored how climate change, nutrition, and socioeconomic status impact health outcomes. The conference advocated for a “Health in All Policies” approach to tackle the root causes of poor health.

    Scientific Sessions & Panels

    Deep Dive: Expert Proceedings

    Plenary Session Insights

    Led by Dr. Thomas Nyirenda, the plenary addressed the “Funding Constraints” reality. The discussion shifted from “asking for more” to “using better.” Experts proposed a “Shared Research Infrastructure” model, where high-cost laboratory equipment and data centers are shared across multiple institutions to reduce overhead.

    A standout panel featured leadership from PHIM, NAC, CREAMS, HEIPU, and TRUE. They redefined the role of NGOs, reaching a consensus that all NGO-led research must be anchored within national priorities to avoid duplication.

    Plenary Session Panel

    Panel Discussion – Plenary Session: Role of NGOs in spearheading research

    Oral & Poster Dissemination

    The conference hosted dozens of oral presentations characterized by intense peer review. This allowed for the validation of methodologies and the refinement of conclusions before they reached the policy stage.

    The Poster Gallery Walk was particularly effective for young researchers, facilitating one-on-one mentorship moments with veteran epidemiologists and senior health officials. This visual and interactive format encouraged rigorous academic exchange and networking.

    Throughout the three days, over 80 scientific works were shared. These ranged from rapid situational assessments to long-term clinical trial results, providing a comprehensive map of the current state of public health in Malawi.

    Highlights Preview
    Oral Presentation

    Oral Presentation Session

    Poster Presentation

    Poster Presentation Highlights

    Scientific rigor was maintained through a multi-stage review process involving the Scientific Committee. Submissions were evaluated based on their alignment with national health targets, methodological soundness, and the clarity of their policy implications. This ensured that only the most impactful evidence was presented to the national audience.

    Leadership & Recognition

    Opening Remarks and & Awards

    Secretary for Health Dr. Dan Namarika

    Official Opening Remarks: Dr. Dan Namarika

    Secretary for Health

    “The 1st NPHRDC marks a new era in Malawi’s scientific journey. Our focus must remain steadfast on translating data into life-saving actions. We do not just research to know; we research to act and to heal our nation through institutional collaboration.”
    Lifetime Achievement

    Honoring Scientific Dedication

    In a momentous highlight of the closing ceremony, the conference conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award upon Dr. Evelyn Chitsa Banda. This prestigious recognition celebrates her transformative leadership in epidemiological surveillance and her relentless pursuit of scientific excellence. Over decades of service, Dr. Banda has not only shaped Malawi’s public health policies but has also served as a cornerstone mentor, meticulously building the capacity and scientific rigor of the next generation of health researchers within the Public Health Institute of Malawi and beyond.

    Dr. Bernard Mvula
    Knowledge Management

    Special Thanks to

    Dr. Bernard Mvula

    Head of Knowledge Management, Research-PHIM

    Collaborative Partners
    PHIMNACGIZMEIRUTRUEUNC PROJECTCREAMSUNICEFWHOAFIDEPThe World BankMLWCHAINONMLuke InternationalPartners in HopeKCHNCSTKUHES
  • IDSR Epidemiological Bulletin – Week 4.

    IDSR Epidemiological Bulletin – Week 4.

    IDSR Bulletin Dashboard – Week 4, 2026

    Weekly IDSR Bulletin

    Epidemiological Week 4 (19-25 January, 2026)

    Status: Official Release Published: Jan 30, 2026

    Editorial Team

    Dr. Matthews Kagoli
    Mrs. Mtisunge Yelewa
    Mr. Austin Zgambo
    Mr. Sikhona Chipeta
    Mr. James Jere
    Mr. Noel Khunga

    Public Health Institute of Malawi

    COMPLETENESS
    97.6%
    TIMELINESS
    94.6%
    MALARIA
    51,408
    EBS SIGNALS
    18
    TYPHOID
    36
    MATERNAL DEATHS
    7

    I. Performance & Surveillance

    District Reporting Completeness

    Bulletin Analysis The national reporting completeness for Week 4 reached 97.6%, representing a notable improvement from previous weeks. This high level of reporting across the One Health Surveillance Platform (OHSP) indicates that facility-level data entry is becoming more consistent. Most districts have achieved the 100% threshold, ensuring that the epidemiological data is representative of the entire population. Maintaining this momentum is crucial for effective health resource planning and early outbreak detection. However, there are still minor gaps that need addressing to reach absolute completeness nationwide. Zonal Epidemiology Officers are urged to continue their support to facilities that face persistent connectivity or staffing challenges. Consistent reporting at this level provides the solid evidence base needed for national public health decision-making.

    Timeliness Performance

    Bulletin Analysis Timeliness of reporting for Week 4 stands at 94.6%, showing a significant positive trend in the speed of data submission. While this is an excellent achievement, specific districts including Balaka, Karonga, Mzimba South, and Machinga DHOs have been flagged for needing improvement. Timely data is the lifeblood of the IDSR system, as even a 24-hour delay can impact the speed of a life-saving response. We continue to emphasize that data should be validated and verified by IDSR coordinators as soon as it is entered into the system. Addressing the bottlenecks in these lagging districts remains a priority for the National IDSR Secretariat. Improved timeliness ensures that alerts are acted upon while they are still manageable at a local level. Sustained technical support will be provided to ensure all districts meet the 100% timeliness target consistently.

    EBS Signal Distribution

    Bulletin Analysis A total of 18 Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) signals were reported during this week, underscoring the vigilance of community and facility-level actors. These signals represent unusual health events that require rapid verification to determine their public health significance. It is mandatory that District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs) conduct thorough risk assessments for all 18 verified signals without any further delay. Community engagement remains the primary driver of these signals, and maintaining trust with local leaders is essential for ongoing detection. The variety of signals reported this week highlights the broad spectrum of health threats being monitored beyond routine diseases. We encourage all districts to continue refining their signal detection mechanisms to capture potential outbreaks at their earliest stages. Timely assessment of these events is critical to prevent small clusters from escalating into widespread emergencies.

    II. Disease Morbidity

    Malaria Cases (Week 4)

    Bulletin Analysis Malaria remains the most significant burden on the health system, with 51,408 cases and 8 reported deaths during Week 4. This high case volume during the peak transmission season requires vigilant case management and consistent supplies of RDTs and ACTs. While the case count is slightly lower than previous weeks, the increase in mortality highlights the need for early diagnosis. Health facilities must prioritize severe malaria cases for immediate inpatient care to reduce the risk of further fatalities. Community health workers are encouraged to intensify their efforts in promoting the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). We are closely monitoring districts with rising case fatality rates to identify gaps in clinical management protocols. Strengthening the supply chain for antimalarial commodities is essential to ensure no facility runs out during this critical period.

    Bloody Diarrhoea

    Bulletin Analysis Surveillance for bloody diarrhoea recorded 1,279 cases this week, indicating a persistent risk of enteric infections across the country. This condition is a sensitive indicator for potential outbreaks of shigellosis or other serious pathogens linked to poor hygiene. All reported cases should be investigated to identify potential environmental contamination sources, particularly during the rainy season. Strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in the most affected districts is a top priority. Clinicians are reminded to strictly follow the diagnostic and treatment algorithms for dysentery to ensure appropriate antibiotic use. Laboratory confirmation of a subset of these cases is necessary to monitor for any emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The rise in cases compared to earlier weeks necessitates intensified community education on food safety and handwashing.

    Typhoid Fever Trends

    Bulletin Analysis Typhoid fever surveillance recorded 36 cases this week, showing a decrease compared to the mid-January spike but requiring continued monitoring. Typhoid transmission is often localized, making it essential to conduct environmental audits in areas where clusters of cases appear. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and promoting household water treatment remain the most effective prevention strategies. Public health officials should collaborate with water boards to address any infrastructure failures contributing to contaminated supplies. Clinical staff should maintain awareness that typhoid can mimic other febrile illnesses, including malaria, making lab verification vital. We are analyzing the geographic distribution of these cases to target high-risk zones for specific hygiene interventions. Long-term reduction of typhoid depends on sustained investment in sanitation and the potential introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines.

    III. Critical Alerts & Mortality

    Maternal Deaths (N=7)

    Bulletin Analysis A concerning 7 maternal deaths were reported during Week 4, necessitating immediate and rigorous investigation by the Reproductive Health Department. Each of these deaths must undergo a Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) audit within 24 to 48 hours. These audits are critical for uncovering the “three delays”: delay in seeking care, delay in reaching a facility, and delay in receiving adequate care. Identifying the root causes of these deaths is essential for implementing corrective measures to prevent future occurrences. We must ensure that all facilities are equipped with basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care capabilities. Strengthening the referral system for high-risk pregnancies remains a cornerstone of our strategy to lower maternal mortality. Every maternal death is a sentinel event that indicates a need for systemic improvement in maternal healthcare services.

    SARI Mortality (Week 4)

    Bulletin Analysis There were 83 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) reported this week, with 1 confirmed death. SARI surveillance is vital for monitoring the circulation of respiratory pathogens, including seasonal influenza and COVID-19. Clinicians should be particularly vigilant in identifying respiratory distress in pediatric and elderly populations who are at higher risk. Early clinical intervention, including oxygen support and appropriate antibiotics for secondary infections, is key to reducing mortality. We are currently analyzing viral samples from SARI cases to detect any shifts in circulating strains or potential new threats. Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in hospitals must be strictly enforced to prevent nosocomial transmission of respiratory viruses. Continued public messaging on respiratory hygiene is necessary to mitigate the spread within the community.

    AEFI Surveillance

    Bulletin Analysis A total of 103 Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) were reported, which reflects the high activity level of our national immunization programs. The vast majority of these cases represent minor, non-serious reactions that are typical of standard vaccines. This high reporting rate is actually a positive indicator of a sensitive and transparent safety monitoring system. It demonstrates that health workers are committed to the careful follow-up of all vaccinated individuals and are documenting all reactions. Maintaining this level of surveillance is essential for building and sustaining public trust in vaccine safety across all age groups. Any serious or unusual AEFIs are immediately referred to the National AEFI Committee for expert investigation. This rigorous approach ensures that the benefits of immunization continue to far outweigh any risks.

    IV. Vaccine Preventable & Special Events

    Mpox Alerts (Week 4)

    Bulletin Analysis For Week 4, there were zero new confirmed cases of Mpox, but the surveillance system generated 7 new alerts. This indicates that clinicians and community members remain on high alert for symptoms such as unexplained rashes or lesions. Rapid verification and laboratory testing of these alerts are essential to ensure any potential introduction of the virus is caught early. We continue to monitor the regional situation closely, as the threat of cross-border transmission remains significant. Health workers must maintain high standards of IPC when managing suspected cases to protect themselves and other patients. Public awareness efforts should focus on encouraging individuals with suspicious symptoms to report to the nearest health facility immediately. This proactive stance is our best defense against a potential Mpox outbreak within our borders.

    AFP (Polio) & Meningitis

    Bulletin Analysis Six cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were reported this week, highlighting the critical importance of our ongoing Polio surveillance. Each AFP case must be investigated within 48 hours, and two stool samples must be collected to rule out poliovirus. Additionally, 5 cases of Meningococcal meningitis were recorded, which requires immediate clinical action and contact tracing. Meningitis is a medical emergency that demands rapid diagnosis through lumbar puncture and the initiation of life-saving antibiotics. We are monitoring these cases to identify any potential clusters that could indicate a localized outbreak. Ensuring that our laboratory systems can quickly identify the specific strain of meningitis is vital for guiding the public health response. High routine immunization coverage remains the most effective long-term protection against both of these serious conditions.

    Measles & Cholera Status

    Bulletin Analysis Measles surveillance and cholera containment remain high-priority areas as we move through the first quarter of 2026. Measles clusters are being closely monitored, with a focus on districts that have historically shown lower immunization coverage. Achieving and maintaining 95% coverage with two doses of the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine is essential for herd immunity. Regarding cholera, although cases have fluctuated, the risk remains high in districts with poor sanitation and during periods of heavy rainfall. Multi-sectoral collaboration between health, water, and local government is the only way to effectively contain cholera outbreaks. Reactive vaccination campaigns and the strengthening of oral rehydration points are key components of our current response strategy. We urge all partners to continue supporting these critical interventions to protect the most vulnerable populations from these preventable diseases.

    V. Summary of Recommendations

    1. Timeliness Priority

    Balaka, Karonga, Mzimba South, and Machinga DHOs must urgently improve their reporting timeliness to meet national standards.

    2. Maternal Health Audit

    The Reproductive Health Department must investigate all 7 maternal deaths reported this week to identify and address service delivery gaps.

    3. EBS Verification

    District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs) must conduct immediate risk assessments for all 18 verified EBS signals to prevent escalation.

    Official Bulletin

    Access the full PDF bulletin for Epidemiological Week 4, 2026, including detailed district-level performance tables.

    DOWNLOAD OFFICIAL BULLETIN (PDF)

    Authored & Published By

    Moses Nyambalo Phiri

    Public Health Institute of Malawi

    Ministry of Health, Republic of Malawi

  • IDSR Epidemiological Bulletin – Week 2.

    IDSR Epidemiological Bulletin – Week 2.

    IDSR Bulletin Dashboard – Week 2, 2026

    Weekly IDSR Bulletin

    Epidemiological Week 2 (5-11 January, 2026)

    Status: Official Release Published: Jan 24, 2026

    Editorial Team

    Dr. Matthews Kagoli
    Mrs. Mtisunge Yelewa
    Mr. Austin Zgambo
    Mr. Sikhona Chipeta
    Mr. James Jere
    Mr. Noel Khunga

    Public Health Institute of Malawi

    COMPLETENESS
    95.0%
    TIMELINESS
    87.3%
    MALARIA
    52,213
    EBS SIGNALS
    19
    TYPHOID
    69
    MATERNAL DEATHS
    2

    I. Performance & Surveillance

    District Reporting Completeness

    Bulletin Analysis The national reporting completeness for Week 2 reached a commendable 95.0%, demonstrating strong engagement from most districts. This metric reflects the percentage of expected reports that were successfully entered into the One Health Surveillance Platform (OHSP). However, several key districts like Mangochi and Mzimba South are identified as needing urgent improvement to reach the 100% target. Consistent reporting is the backbone of our early warning system and ensures no local outbreaks are missed. District health management teams are urged to support their data clerks in maintaining these high standards. Without complete data, the PHIM cannot accurately allocate resources or assess the true public health burden across the country. We congratulate the districts that achieved 100% and set a benchmark for the rest of the nation.

    Timeliness Performance

    Bulletin Analysis Timeliness of reporting for Week 2 stands at 87.3%, which is below the desired national performance threshold of 100%. Timeliness is measured by the submission of reports by the designated deadline each Monday, allowing for rapid national analysis. The bulletin highlights that central facilities, including Kamuzu Central Hospital and QECH, must streamline their internal data flows to improve their reporting speed. Delays in reporting directly hinder the National IDSR Secretariat’s ability to trigger immediate responses to emerging threats. Each hour of delay potentially increases the risk of unchecked disease transmission within the community. We are monitoring the barriers to timely submission, including technical issues on the OHSP platform and staff availability. All facility focal persons are reminded that “Time is Health” in the context of surveillance.

    EBS Signal Distribution

    Bulletin Analysis A total of 19 Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) signals were captured during this reporting period, representing a vital layer of our surveillance architecture. EBS focuses on capturing unstructured information about public health events that may not be captured by routine indicator-based reporting. All 19 signals were verified, indicating that the community and health workers are highly vigilant in spotting unusual occurrences. The District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs) are now tasked with conducting formal risk assessments for every verified event. These signals range from clusters of unknown illnesses to environmental hazards that pose a risk to human health. Strengthening EBS detection at the community level remains a priority for the upcoming quarter. We encourage all districts to continue utilizing the toll-free lines and community structures to report these signals.

    II. Disease Morbidity

    Malaria Cases (Week 2)

    Bulletin Analysis Malaria continues to dominate the morbidity profile of Malawi, with 52,213 cases reported in Week 2 alone. Alarmingly, this high case volume was accompanied by 6 confirmed deaths, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment. Most districts are currently seeing high transmission rates, typical of the current seasonal trends. The PHIM recommends that all health facilities ensure a steady supply of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACTs). Public health messaging should focus on the consistent use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and seeking medical care within 24 hours of fever onset. Surveillance data shows that children under five and pregnant women remain the most vulnerable populations. Continued monitoring of case fatality rates is essential to evaluate the quality of inpatient care.

    Bloody Diarrhoea

    Bulletin Analysis During Week 2, 1,186 cases of bloody diarrhoea were reported, along with 4 related deaths. This condition is a sensitive indicator for serious enteric pathogens, including those that cause dysentery and cholera. Given the ongoing cholera outbreaks in some regions, every case of bloody diarrhoea must be treated with high clinical suspicion. Health workers are instructed to collect stool samples for laboratory confirmation to identify the specific causative agents. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures must be strictly enforced at the facility level to prevent nosocomial transmission. Safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions at the community level are the primary defense against these waterborne diseases. The Ministry of Health is working with partners to distribute chlorine and hygiene kits in the most affected districts.

    Typhoid Fever Trends

    Bulletin Analysis Typhoid fever remains a significant concern with 69 cases reported this week, showing a slight upward trend compared to previous weeks. This disease is closely linked to poor sanitation and contaminated food or water sources. Clinical teams are advised to maintain high suspicion for patients presenting with prolonged fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Accurate laboratory diagnosis via blood culture is encouraged wherever possible to guide appropriate antibiotic therapy. We are also monitoring for signs of antimicrobial resistance, which has been observed in Typhoid strains in the region. Public health teams should investigate clusters of cases to identify common sources of contamination. Improvements in urban and peri-urban water systems are long-term requirements to reduce this burden.

    III. Critical Alerts & Mortality

    Maternal Deaths (N=2)

    Bulletin Analysis Two maternal deaths were reported during Epidemiological Week 2, serving as a somber reminder of the challenges in maternal health. Every maternal death is considered a public health emergency under the IDSR framework and must be reported within 24 hours. A comprehensive Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) audit is mandatory for these cases to identify the root causes. These audits look at “three delays”: delay in seeking care, delay in reaching a facility, and delay in receiving appropriate care. The findings from these audits are crucial for implementing systemic changes to prevent future tragedies. We must continue to promote institutional deliveries and ensure that basic emergency obstetric care is available 24/7. Strengthening the referral chain between primary health centers and district hospitals remains a top priority.

    SARI Mortality (CFR 3.4%)

    Bulletin Analysis Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance identified 59 cases this week, resulting in 2 deaths. This results in a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 3.4%, which requires close monitoring to ensure it does not escalate. SARI surveillance is critical for monitoring the circulation of influenza-like illnesses and potential new respiratory pathogens. All SARI cases should have oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs collected for virological testing at the national laboratory. Early detection of respiratory outbreaks is essential for preventing wide-scale transmission, especially in crowded environments. Clinical management should focus on early supportive care and oxygen therapy for severe cases. The PHIM is keeping a close watch on these trends as we move through different seasonal patterns.

    AEFI Surveillance

    Bulletin Analysis The 91 cases of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) reported this week demonstrate a highly active and transparent safety monitoring system. Most of these events were reported as minor reactions, which are expected occurrences in any large-scale vaccination program. High AEFI reporting rates indicate that health workers are properly trained to observe and record any unusual health events post-vaccination. This data is vital for maintaining public trust in the national immunization program. Each serious AEFI is thoroughly investigated by a dedicated committee to determine causality. We commend the districts for their diligence in maintaining these safety standards. Continuous communication with parents and caregivers about what to expect after vaccination helps in managing these events effectively.

    IV. Vaccine Preventable & Special Events

    Mpox Alerts (Week 2)

    Bulletin Analysis While there were zero new confirmed Mpox cases in Week 2, the system successfully generated four distinct Mpox alerts. This signifies that the surveillance system is sensitive enough to catch potential cases for further investigation. Mpox remains a disease of international concern, and Malawi must maintain high levels of vigilance at points of entry and within communities. Health workers are reminded to look for symptoms such as unexplained acute rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Prompt isolation of suspected cases and collection of lesion swabs for PCR testing are standard operating procedures. Public awareness campaigns should continue to emphasize the importance of reporting any unusual skin conditions. We are working closely with regional partners to share data and coordinate prevention efforts.

    AFP (Polio) & Meningitis

    Bulletin Analysis Two cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were reported this week, which are critical for our ongoing Polio-free certification efforts. Every case of AFP in a child under 15 years must be investigated with two stool samples collected 24 hours apart. Furthermore, five cases of Meningococcal meningitis were reported, highlighting the need for rapid diagnostic response. Meningitis can spread quickly in close-contact settings, and immediate laboratory confirmation is required to initiate the correct antibiotic treatment. CSF samples should be transported in Trans-Isolate (TI) medium to ensure the viability of the bacteria. Districts should ensure they have adequate supplies of the necessary collection kits and transport media. Early detection and response to these cases are key to preventing large-scale outbreaks.

    Immunization Outreach

    Bulletin Analysis The Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) data suggests that while routine coverage is stable, outreach strategies need strengthening. Some clusters of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, have been linked to “zero-dose” children who have never been reached by the system. It is vital to map out hard-to-reach areas and schedule regular mobile clinics to bridge the coverage gap. Immunization is the most cost-effective public health intervention available and is the primary tool for reducing child mortality. Cold chain maintenance at the facility level must be monitored daily to ensure vaccine potency. Community leaders and traditional authorities are key partners in encouraging families to complete the full vaccination schedule. We aim for at least 95% coverage for all primary vaccines to maintain herd immunity.

    V. Summary of Recommendations

    1. Reporting Quality

    Kamuzu Central, Mangochi, Mzimba South, and QECH must address timeliness issues immediately.

    2. Cholera Containment

    All partners and government ministries must collaborate to contain ongoing cholera outbreaks through WASH and case management.

    3. EPI Strengthening

    Focus on routine immunization to prevent measles clusters, particularly in areas with lower historical coverage.

    Official Bulletin

    Access the full PDF bulletin for Epidemiological Week 2, 2026, including detailed district-level performance tables.

    DOWNLOAD OFFICIAL BULLETIN (PDF)

    Authored & Published By

    Moses Nyambalo Phiri

    Public Health Institute of Malawi

    Ministry of Health, Republic of Malawi