Weekly IDSR Bulletin
Epidemiological Week 40 (28th Sept – 4th October, 2026)
Editorial Team & Contributors
I. Main Epidemiological Feature: Malaria Disease Burden in Epi Week 40
Malaria Morbidity Reaches 19,295 Cases with 5 Inpatient Fatalities
In Epidemiological Week 40, Malaria continues as the primary cause of morbidity nationwide, registering 19,295 cases. Outpatient consultations (OPD) comprised 19,083 cases, while 212 severe cases required inpatient care (IPD).
Clinical Management & Severe Malaria Protocols: Salima, Dowa, and Balaka DHOs must audit IPD clinical workflows to address factors contributing to the 5 recorded inpatient malaria deaths.
Stock Availability: Facility focal points in high-volume districts like Blantyre, Mangochi, and Nkhata-Bay must ensure continuous availability of mRDTs and parenteral Artesunate for severe cases.
Top 10 High-Burden Malaria Districts (Epi Week 40)
Outpatient (OPD) and Inpatient (IPD) Cases across District Health Offices
II. Health System Reporting Performance
1. National Reporting Trend (W28 – W40)
Analytics: National IDSR reporting demonstrated a significant recovery in Epidemiological Week 40. Both completeness and timeliness rebounded sharply from 90% in Week 39 back to 95%, maintaining performance well above the 80% national threshold.
Insights: The quick restoration of reporting rates highlights successful follow-up interventions by zonal epidemiologists and IDSR coordinators following the dip in Week 39.
Recommendations: Maintain robust data validation pipelines on the One Health Surveillance Platform (OHSP) to ensure sustained timeliness and data quality.
2. Zonal Reporting Rates (Week 40)
Analytics: All health zones, as well as Central Hospitals, successfully met or exceeded the 80% target. Central Hospitals and South West Zone achieved 100% on both completeness and timeliness. Central West achieved 96%, North 95%, South East 94%, and Central East 88%.
Insights: Central Hospitals recorded a full recovery in timeliness (reaching 100% up from 75% in Week 39), resolving the bottleneck previously noted in referral tertiary centers.
Recommendations: Provide targeted supervisory support to Central East zone to elevate its reporting rates closer to the >95% benchmark achieved by other zones.
III. Event-Based Surveillance (EBS)
3. Community EBS Signal Verification Status
Analytics: In Week 40, 39 EBS signals were submitted from 9 reporting districts. Following verification by District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs), 12 signals (31%) were confirmed as true public health events, 25 signals (64%) were unverified, and 2 signals (5%) were discarded.
Insights: Signals related to sudden limb weakness/fever with rash represented the majority of community alerts (26 total signals reported), reflecting high community awareness regarding polio and measles surveillance.
Recommendations: DRRTs should ensure timely, documented risk assessments for all verified events and continue refining signal triggers with community health workers.
4. Verified EBS Signals by Risk Level
Analytics: Risk assessments were conducted for 11 of the 12 verified events. The findings indicate that 5 events (46%) were classified as High Risk, 2 (18%) as Moderate Risk, 2 (18%) as Low Risk, and 2 (18%) as Very Low Risk.
Insights: The high proportion of High Risk events (46%) underscores active public health threats across districts, requiring immediate field investigations and response interventions.
Recommendations: Priority rapid response deployment must be maintained for the 5 high-risk event sites to prevent further disease transmission.
IV. Epidemic Prone & Priority Diseases
5. Priority Notifiable Conditions Case Distribution
Analytics: Diarrhoea with blood generated the highest alert volume among epidemic-prone diseases (752 cases, 0 deaths). SARI followed with 143 cases and 1 death. Typhoid fever recorded 90 cases (50 in Mchinji, 15 in Blantyre, 10 in Lilongwe), AEFI registered 82 cases, Measles alerts recorded 48 cases, Meningococcal meningitis 6 cases (1 death in Nsanje), Maternal deaths 5 cases, and AFP 1 case.
Insights: Typhoid fever cases remain concentrated in Mchinji DHO (50 cases) and Blantyre DHO (15 cases). Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) recorded 1 death at Kamuzu Central Hospital.
Recommendations: Intensify water quality testing and sanitation control measures in Mchinji, Lilongwe, and Blantyre. Maintain active case searching for respiratory and meningeal signs in referral centers.
6. Measles Outbreak: Cumulative Cases by District
Analytics: In Week 40, 18 new confirmed cases were reported (3 lab-confirmed in Zomba, 15 epi-linked in Nsanje). Cumulatively, Nsanje leads with 514 cases, Balaka 494 cases, Chikwawa 387 cases, Dedza 375 cases, Mulanje 67 cases, Zomba 26 cases, Mchinji 14 cases, and Machinga 3 cases.
Insights: Over 70% of confirmed cases occur in unvaccinated individuals or those with unknown vaccination status, and >85% are under 15 years of age. Outbreaks in Balaka, Machinga, and parts of Nsanje have been contained (no new cases >42 days), while active transmission persists in Golomoti (Dedza), Ngabu (Chikwawa), Ndamera (Nsanje), Mbiza/Mulanje DH (Mulanje), and Matawale (Zomba).
Recommendations: EPI must strengthen routine childhood immunization outreach in active hotspot catchment areas to close identified immunity gaps.
V. Special Interventions & Performance Bottlenecks
7. Polio Vaccination Campaign Coverage
Analytics: Cumulative coverage figures across the 5 executed nOPV2 rounds highlight sustained high performance: Round 0 (1.71M doses administered), Round 1 (103% – 6.22M), Round 2 (106% – 6.64M), Round 3 (105% – 7.07M), and Round 4 (103% – 7.29M).
Insights: A total of 18 variant polioviruses (plus 1 imported case from Mozambique) have been isolated since the January 2026 outbreak declaration. Environmental surveillance remains active in Blantyre and surrounding sites.
Recommendations: Maintain heightened AFP surveillance sensitivity across all health facilities and border entry points.
8. Underperforming Reporting Units (Week 40)
Analytics: Out of 33 reporting sites, 30 (91%) met the ≥80% national target. Only 3 reporting sites failed to meet the target for both completeness and timeliness: Balaka DHO (67%), Dowa DHO (73%), and Machinga DHO (78%).
Insights: Likoma DHO, Karonga DHO, and Mzuzu Central Hospital—which were underperforming in Week 39—successfully rebounded to meet and exceed national benchmarks in Week 40.
Recommendations: Zonal Epidemiology Officers should engage Balaka, Dowa, and Machinga DHOs to resolve data reporting delays and ensure full compliance on OHSP.
VI. Targeted District & Programmatic Recommendations
1. Data Verification & Reporting
Balaka, Dowa, and Machinga DHOs must improve reporting timeliness and completeness on OHSP. Zonal officers must assist in resolving local data submission challenges.
2. Enteric Disease & WASH Management
Mchinji, Blantyre, and Lilongwe DHOs are advised to maintain active water surveillance and targeted WASH interventions to curb Typhoid fever and bloody diarrhoea cases.
3. Outbreak Surveillance & Immunization
DRRTs must conduct prompt risk assessments for all verified community signals. EPI should focus routine immunization outreach on active Measles hotspots (Dedza, Chikwawa, Nsanje, Mulanje, Zomba).